PESA/TESA/TESE

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): This involves the needle and syringe technique but the needle is placed directly into the epididymis.

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): This involves placing a needle attached to a syringe through the skin of the scrotum and simply sucking out the fluid inside the testicle.

Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is a surgical procedure in which a small portion of tissue is removed from the testicle and any viable sperm cells from that tissue are extracted for use in further procedures, most commonly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as part of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)..